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304 lines
10 KiB
Text
304 lines
10 KiB
Text
Download and docs:
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http://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama
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Development:
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http://code.google.com/p/colorama
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Discussion group:
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https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/python-colorama
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Description
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===========
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Makes ANSI escape character sequences for producing colored terminal text and
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cursor positioning work under MS Windows.
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ANSI escape character sequences have long been used to produce colored terminal
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text and cursor positioning on Unix and Macs. Colorama makes this work on
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Windows, too, by wrapping stdout, stripping ANSI sequences it finds (which
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otherwise show up as gobbledygook in your output), and converting them into the
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appropriate win32 calls to modify the state of the terminal. On other platforms,
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Colorama does nothing.
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Colorama also provides some shortcuts to help generate ANSI sequences
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but works fine in conjunction with any other ANSI sequence generation library,
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such as Termcolor (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/termcolor.)
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This has the upshot of providing a simple cross-platform API for printing
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colored terminal text from Python, and has the happy side-effect that existing
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applications or libraries which use ANSI sequences to produce colored output on
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Linux or Macs can now also work on Windows, simply by calling
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``colorama.init()``.
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An alternative approach is to install 'ansi.sys' on Windows machines, which
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provides the same behaviour for all applications running in terminals. Colorama
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is intended for situations where that isn't easy (e.g. maybe your app doesn't
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have an installer.)
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Demo scripts in the source code repository prints some colored text using
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ANSI sequences. Compare their output under Gnome-terminal's built in ANSI
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handling, versus on Windows Command-Prompt using Colorama:
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.. image:: http://colorama.googlecode.com/hg/screenshots/ubuntu-demo.png
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:width: 661
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:height: 357
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:alt: ANSI sequences on Ubuntu under gnome-terminal.
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.. image:: http://colorama.googlecode.com/hg/screenshots/windows-demo.png
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:width: 668
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:height: 325
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:alt: Same ANSI sequences on Windows, using Colorama.
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These screengrabs show that Colorama on Windows does not support ANSI 'dim
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text': it looks the same as 'normal text'.
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License
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=======
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Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
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Dependencies
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============
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None, other than Python. Tested on Python 2.5.5, 2.6.5, 2.7, 3.1.2, and 3.2
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Usage
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=====
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Initialisation
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--------------
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Applications should initialise Colorama using::
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from colorama import init
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init()
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If you are on Windows, the call to ``init()`` will start filtering ANSI escape
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sequences out of any text sent to stdout or stderr, and will replace them with
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equivalent Win32 calls.
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Calling ``init()`` has no effect on other platforms (unless you request other
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optional functionality, see keyword args below.) The intention is that
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applications can call ``init()`` unconditionally on all platforms, after which
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ANSI output should just work.
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To stop using colorama before your program exits, simply call ``deinit()``.
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This will restore stdout and stderr to their original values, so that Colorama
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is disabled. To start using Colorama again, call ``reinit()``, which wraps
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stdout and stderr again, but is cheaper to call than doing ``init()`` all over
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again.
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Colored Output
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--------------
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Cross-platform printing of colored text can then be done using Colorama's
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constant shorthand for ANSI escape sequences::
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from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
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print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
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print(Back.GREEN + 'and with a green background')
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print(Style.DIM + 'and in dim text')
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print(Fore.RESET + Back.RESET + Style.RESET_ALL)
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print('back to normal now')
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or simply by manually printing ANSI sequences from your own code::
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print('/033[31m' + 'some red text')
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print('/033[30m' # and reset to default color)
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or Colorama can be used happily in conjunction with existing ANSI libraries
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such as Termcolor::
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from colorama import init
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from termcolor import colored
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# use Colorama to make Termcolor work on Windows too
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init()
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# then use Termcolor for all colored text output
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print(colored('Hello, World!', 'green', 'on_red'))
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Available formatting constants are::
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Fore: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
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Back: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
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Style: DIM, NORMAL, BRIGHT, RESET_ALL
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Style.RESET_ALL resets foreground, background and brightness. Colorama will
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perform this reset automatically on program exit.
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Cursor Positioning
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------------------
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ANSI codes to reposition the cursor are supported. See demos/demo06.py for
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an example of how to generate them.
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Init Keyword Args
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-----------------
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``init()`` accepts some kwargs to override default behaviour.
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init(autoreset=False):
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If you find yourself repeatedly sending reset sequences to turn off color
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changes at the end of every print, then ``init(autoreset=True)`` will
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automate that::
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from colorama import init
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init(autoreset=True)
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print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
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print('automatically back to default color again')
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init(strip=None):
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Pass ``True`` or ``False`` to override whether ansi codes should be
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stripped from the output. The default behaviour is to strip if on Windows.
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init(convert=None):
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Pass ``True`` or ``False`` to override whether to convert ansi codes in the
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output into win32 calls. The default behaviour is to convert if on Windows
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and output is to a tty (terminal).
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init(wrap=True):
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On Windows, colorama works by replacing ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``
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with proxy objects, which override the .write() method to do their work. If
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this wrapping causes you problems, then this can be disabled by passing
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``init(wrap=False)``. The default behaviour is to wrap if autoreset or
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strip or convert are True.
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When wrapping is disabled, colored printing on non-Windows platforms will
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continue to work as normal. To do cross-platform colored output, you can
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use Colorama's ``AnsiToWin32`` proxy directly::
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import sys
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from colorama import init, AnsiToWin32
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init(wrap=False)
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stream = AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream
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# Python 2
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print >>stream, Fore.BLUE + 'blue text on stderr'
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# Python 3
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print(Fore.BLUE + 'blue text on stderr', file=stream)
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Status & Known Problems
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=======================
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I've personally only tested it on WinXP (CMD, Console2), Ubuntu
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(gnome-terminal, xterm), and OSX.
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Some presumably valid ANSI sequences aren't recognised (see details below)
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but to my knowledge nobody has yet complained about this. Puzzling.
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See outstanding issues and wishlist at:
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http://code.google.com/p/colorama/issues/list
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If anything doesn't work for you, or doesn't do what you expected or hoped for,
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I'd love to hear about it on that issues list, would be delighted by patches,
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and would be happy to grant commit access to anyone who submits a working patch
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or two.
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Recognised ANSI Sequences
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=========================
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ANSI sequences generally take the form:
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ESC [ <param> ; <param> ... <command>
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Where <param> is an integer, and <command> is a single letter. Zero or more
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params are passed to a <command>. If no params are passed, it is generally
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synonymous with passing a single zero. No spaces exist in the sequence, they
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have just been inserted here to make it easy to read.
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The only ANSI sequences that colorama converts into win32 calls are::
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ESC [ 0 m # reset all (colors and brightness)
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ESC [ 1 m # bright
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ESC [ 2 m # dim (looks same as normal brightness)
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ESC [ 22 m # normal brightness
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# FOREGROUND:
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ESC [ 30 m # black
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ESC [ 31 m # red
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ESC [ 32 m # green
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ESC [ 33 m # yellow
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ESC [ 34 m # blue
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ESC [ 35 m # magenta
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ESC [ 36 m # cyan
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ESC [ 37 m # white
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ESC [ 39 m # reset
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# BACKGROUND
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ESC [ 40 m # black
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ESC [ 41 m # red
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ESC [ 42 m # green
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ESC [ 43 m # yellow
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ESC [ 44 m # blue
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ESC [ 45 m # magenta
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ESC [ 46 m # cyan
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ESC [ 47 m # white
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ESC [ 49 m # reset
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# cursor positioning
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ESC [ y;x H # position cursor at x across, y down
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# clear the screen
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ESC [ mode J # clear the screen. Only mode 2 (clear entire screen)
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# is supported. It should be easy to add other modes,
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# let me know if that would be useful.
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Multiple numeric params to the 'm' command can be combined into a single
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sequence, eg::
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ESC [ 36 ; 45 ; 1 m # bright cyan text on magenta background
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All other ANSI sequences of the form ``ESC [ <param> ; <param> ... <command>``
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are silently stripped from the output on Windows.
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Any other form of ANSI sequence, such as single-character codes or alternative
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initial characters, are not recognised nor stripped. It would be cool to add
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them though. Let me know if it would be useful for you, via the issues on
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google code.
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Development
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===========
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Help and fixes welcome! Ask Jonathan for commit rights, you'll get them.
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Running tests requires:
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- Michael Foord's 'mock' module to be installed.
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- Tests are written using the 2010 era updates to 'unittest', and require to
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be run either using Python2.7 or greater, or else to have Michael Foord's
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'unittest2' module installed.
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unittest2 test discovery doesn't work for colorama, so I use 'nose'::
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nosetests -s
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The -s is required because 'nosetests' otherwise applies a proxy of its own to
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stdout, which confuses the unit tests.
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Contact
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=======
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Created by Jonathan Hartley, tartley@tartley.com
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Thanks
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======
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| Ben Hoyt, for a magnificent fix under 64-bit Windows.
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| Jesse@EmptySquare for submitting a fix for examples in the README.
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| User 'jamessp', an observant documentation fix for cursor positioning.
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| User 'vaal1239', Dave Mckee & Lackner Kristof for a tiny but much-needed Win7 fix.
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| Julien Stuyck, for wisely suggesting Python3 compatible updates to README.
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| Daniel Griffith for multiple fabulous patches.
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| Oscar Lesta for valuable fix to stop ANSI chars being sent to non-tty output.
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| Roger Binns, for many suggestions, valuable feedback, & bug reports.
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| Tim Golden for thought and much appreciated feedback on the initial idea.
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